Financial analyse for investment and policy - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Financial analyse for investment and policy. Answer: Introduction In the preparation and presentation of the financial statements of the companies, Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting and General Purpose Financial Reporting play an integral part as they provides the companies with require principles and standards for preparing financial statements (Gebhardt, Mora and Wagenhofer 2014). Thus, the requirement for the companies is to adopt the standards and principles of these two. This report attempts to analyze the compliance of Boral Limited with the standards and principles of conceptual framework as well as general purpose financial reporting. Boral Limited is an Australian company providing construction materials and the company was established in 1946 (boral.com 2017). In addition, the company is enlisted in Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) and the code name is BLD (m.asx.com.au 2017). Adherence with General Purpose Financial Reporting According to the annual report, Boral Limited is a for-profit company and their shares are publicly traded through ASX (m.asx.com.au 2017). The general-purpose financial statements of the company are developed by complying with the standards of Australian Accounting Standard Board (AASB) and Corporations Act 2001. In addition, the consolidated financial statements of the company are prepared based on the regulations of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). In addition, as per the principles of ASIC Corporations Instruments 2016/91, Boral Limited use Australian dollar for their financial statements (boral.com 2017). Remuneration Report According to the annual report of Boral Limited, the company has a separate remuneration committee for taking care all the aspects of director and executive remuneration. As per the Remuneration Framework of 2017 of Boral Limited, there are three components in the remuneration structure of the company; they are Fixed Annual Remuneration (FAR), Short-term Remuneration (STI) and Long-term Remuneration (LTI). FAR includes basic salary and various non-cash benefits like fringe benefits, payment of superannuation and others. STI and LTI is provided to the directors based on their performance. In case of STI, 80% of it is provided in cash and rest is provided in Performance Rights. In case of LTI, 100% of it is provided in equity shares (boral.com 2017). It needs to be mentioned that the remuneration of the directors and executives of Boral Limited is provided out of the profit of the company (boral.com 2017). While providing remuneration and preparing the remuneration report, Boral Limited complies with all required principles and standards. Thus, there are not any issues in the remuneration report of the company. Inventory Analysis The above figure implies the improvements in inventory management for Boral Limited as the amount of inventory decreased in 2017 as compared to 2016. The valuation of inventory is done in Boral Limited based on lower of cost and net realizable value (Lawson and Lawson 2013). Net realizable value can be obtained by deducting estimated cost of compliance from estimated selling prices (boral.com 2017). Asset and Liability Analysis Particulars FY 2017 FY 2016 Total Assets $ 9313.6 million $ 5800.5 million Total Liabilities $ 3873.1 million $ 2294.2 million The above table shows that there is an increase in both the total assets and total liabilities for Boral Limited in 2017 as compare to 2016. In case of both assets and liabilities, both of them are measured based on their fair value less depreciation and amortization costs (Vogel 2014). Any additional costs associated with the carrying amount of the assets is considered as separate assets (boral.com 2017). Revenue Analysis As per the above figure, Boral Limited has been able to increase their revenue in 2017 from 2016. The company recognizes their revenues from sale of goods in case there is the transfer of ownership of risk and rewards to the buyers. The main sources of revenue for the company are revenue from sale of goods, revenue from services and revenue from continuing operations (boral.com 2017). Expenses Analysis The above figure shows that there has been increase in expenses for Boral Limited in 2017 than 2016. Expenses of Boral Limited can be recognized in the income statement of the company. As per the rules of prudence, the company records their expenses at the time of their occurrences. Boral Limited record their expense in the income statements in the value at the time of their occurrence (boral.com 2017). Trade Receivables Analysis As per the above figure, the amount of trade receivable increased in 2017 as compared to 2016. Boral Limited recognizes their total amount of trade receivables based on their invoice value to the customers and recoverable value from the customers (Cucchiella, DAdamo and Gastaldi 2015). In this process, the company uses amortization costs with the help of effective interest rate method. The requirement of Boral Limited to their customers is to pay the amount of receivables as per agreed terms (boral.com 2017). Depreciation Method Analysis As per the annual report of Boral Limited, the company charges depreciation on their fixed assets with straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The above figure shows the estimated useful lives of different assets of Boral Limited for charging depreciation. The company recognizes the amount of depreciation in their income statements from the date of acquisition of the assets. Rates and methods of depreciation can be reviewed at the date of balance sheet (boral.com 2017). Intangible Assets Analysis The above figure shows significant rise in the value of goodwill as well as other intangible assets of Boral Limited in 2017 as compared to 2016. The value of goodwill represents the different between fair value of intangible assets and cost of acquisition. It is measured by deducting accumulated impairment losses from its cost. In case of other intangible assets, they are also recorded by deducting accumulated amortization and impairment losses from the cost (boral.com 2017). Lease Analysis Particulars FY 2017 FY 2016 Operating Lease Rental Charges $ 72.2 million $ 73.9 million As per the above table, Boral Limited had to pay less mount of rental changes for operating leases in respect to 2016. The payment for the operating leases is done on straight-line basis over the lease term. The inclusion of fixed rate increase can be seen in case of minimum payment for lease (boral.com 2017). Contingent Liability Analysis The above table shows that there is decrease in contingent liability for Boral Limited in 2017 as compared to 2016. According to the above discussion, the bank has uncertainty over the payments of bank guarantee and for this reason; Boral Limited has considered this as their contingent liability (boral.com 2017). Taxation Analysis The annual report of Boral Limited states that that the company is subject to income tax under Australian taxation regulations. At the time of the determination of income tax and other taxes, the company considers the effects of uncertain tax positions as well as due of any tax payment or interest (boral.com 2017). The above table shows that there is an increase in income tax expenses in 2017 as compared to 2016. It implies that the company had to pay more amounts of income taxes due to the increase in overall profitability of the company (boral.com 2017). Provision Analysis The above table shows the increase in provision of Boral Limited in 2017 as compared to 2016. In Boral Limited, provision is recognized in the balance sheet in case the company has any present obligation due to any past events. There needs to be reliable estimation of the obligation and there must be the requirement of settling outflow of economic benefits (boral.com 2017). Prudence Prudence Analysis Prudence provides great help to the companies in the true and fair representation of their financial statements and in avoiding the contemporary issue in accoutering. As per the principle of prudence, companies are required to record their business exposes at the time of their occurrences, but incomes are required to be recorded at the time of the realization of their values. In prudence, the companies are required to follow the principles and standards of AASB, Corporations Act 2001, IASB and IFRS (Hackett and Wang 2012). Importance of Prudence The duty of the business organizations is to adopt the principles of prudence in their financial reporting as it provides transparency, reliability and clarity in the financial statements of the companies. Non-compliance with the principles of prudence may bring difficulties for the companies in true and fair representation of financial statements (Zhang and Andrew 2014). Advantages and Disadvantages of Prudence The major advantage of the implementation of prudence is that it helps the companies in bringing stability as well as consistency in financial aspects. In addition, it decreases the chances of material misstatements of financial statements for the companies. However, biasness can be considered as the major disadvantage of prudence as it may affect the financial stability of the companies (Macve 2015). Conclusion The above discussion shows that Boral Limited prepares and presents their financial statements after complying with the standards and principles of AASB, Corporations Act 2001, IASB and IFRS. In addition, the company adheres to the principles of prudence for fair and true representation of their general-purpose financial statements. In addition, the company has also adopted the principles of AASB conceptual framework in order to recognize and measure the assets, liabilities, receivables, inventories, taxation and many others. References Australian Securities Exchange - www.asx.com.au. (2017).Company details - BLD - ASX - Australian Securities Exchange. [online] Available at: https://m.asx.com.au/m/company-info.xhtml?issuerCode=BLD [Accessed 20 Dec. 2017]. Boral. (2017).About Boral. [online] Available at: https://www.boral.com/about [Accessed 20 Dec. 2017]. Boral.com. (2017).Annual Report 2017. 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